How do prosthetic valve regurgitation patterns differ from native valve regurgitation?

• A. Regurgitation is always central for prosthetic valves.
• B. Prosthetic valves have no regurgitation.
• C. Paravalvular leaks around prosthetic valves; jets may be irregular and associated with prosthesis geometry.
• D. Prosthetic valve regurgitation patterns are identical to native.

Answer: (C)